Holistic ADHD care urged as over half of adults in clinics show personality disorders

A meta-analysis of 11 studies (2,120 adults) found that about 57% of adults seeking clinical help for ADHD also meet criteria for at least one personality disorder, with passive‑aggressive, avoidant, and borderline patterns most common. Rates varied by diagnostic method and setting, and high heterogeneity suggests results depend on testing environments. The study underscores the need to assess personality pathology alongside ADHD and calls for longitudinal research to map developmental timelines and treatment implications.