Green-card policy shock leaves 1.2 million Indian-Americans in limbo

USCIS issued a policy memo that would require many temporary-visa holders to return to their home countries to apply for green cards through embassies or consulates, instead of adjusting status in the United States. The shift, which Ajay Bhutoria says could affect more than 1.2 million Indian-American families, risks heightened scrutiny of employment-based routes (H-1B, H-4, L-1, etc.) and broad discretionary denial of I-485 applications. After backlash, some elements were rolled back and two exemptions—"economic benefit" and "national interest"—were added, but definitions are unclear and applicants may still need to pursue abroad paths depending on circumstances.