Bioresorbable Mg–MoO3 battery enables transient ingestible electronics in the GI tract
A bioresorbable magnesium–molybdenum trioxide (Mg–MoO3) paper battery delivers about 1.84 V and powers capsule-based ingestible electronics, including battery-assisted RFID for medication tracking and gastric electroceutical therapy, with in vivo swine validation showing safe gastric degradation over days and complete bioresorption—enabling retrieval-free, eco-friendly GI bioelectronics.