NHTSA demands sworn proof Tesla’s steering-wheel-free Cybercab meets safety rules

The NHTSA has issued a Special Order demanding Tesla prove under oath that its Cybercab—lacking a steering wheel, pedals, mirrors, and other conventional controls—complies with federal safety standards written for human drivers. Tesla must respond by Sept. 30 or face penalties up to $139 million. The agency questions self-certification, notes that many FMVSS standards assume a human driver, and highlights issues such as FMVSS 135 (foot brakes) because the Cybercab has no foot-activated brake. NHTSA references its proposal to rewrite rules for automated vehicles and contrasts Tesla’s approach with Zoox’s exemption path, signaling that, until standards are updated, the Cybercab’s sale and operation may remain constrained.