Three routes toward verifiable quantum advantage on today's noisy hardware

IBM, with partners RIKEN and Qedma, highlights three approaches that demonstrate verifiable quantum advantage on imperfect quantum hardware: robust error mitigation and Floquet-Ising modeling; a Chicago–IBM method using mostly Clifford gates with targeted non-Clifford T gates plus peripheral qubits for error detection; and a quantum-echo–like protocol with controlled noise characterization to bound outcomes. While not yet practically useful, the work advances trustworthy quantum results and lays groundwork for future error-corrected machines and real-world applications.