Florida’s leprosy cases rise, armadillos flagged as possible carriers

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) cases are increasing in Florida, with 17 reported in 2026 as of July 23 and 36 in 2025, helping Florida account for a notable share of U.S. cases. Officials say it may reflect a low-level endemic presence rather than an outbreak. The bacterium Mycobacterium leprae is carried by nine-banded armadillos common in Florida, and transmission to humans—usually through direct contact or disturbing contaminated areas—remains rare and requires prolonged exposure. Precautions include avoiding armadillo contact and wearing protective clothing when gardening. Leprosy is curable with antibiotics.