Spotting Dementia in Aging Dogs and Cats: Signs and Support

Dementia, or cognitive dysfunction, can affect aging dogs and cats, with signs often emerging earlier in dogs (as young as 8 years; about 10% affected, rising to ~80% by 18) and in cats around age 10 (more than half over 15 show signs). Early symptoms include wandering, accidents in the home, trouble navigating stairs or doors, changes in hearing, and increased vocalizing; cats may over‑groom. Since these signs overlap with arthritis or other illnesses, vets use owner questionnaires and a thorough history, plus exams and blood tests to rule out other conditions; MRI can definitively diagnose brain changes but is costly and requires anesthesia. There is no cure, but management focuses on regular exercise, mental stimulation, a stable environment, and diet/supplements (e.g., MCTs, antioxidants, omega-3s) as well as medications when appropriate, all aimed at maintaining quality of life and the bond with the pet.