Estevanico: The enslaved Moor who mapped the American West

An enslaved Moroccan named Estevanico survived the Narváez expedition's wrecks and led the remaining Spaniards across vast stretches of what is now the American West, walking roughly 2,250 miles from Florida to the Pacific and later guiding expeditions into New Mexico and Arizona. A translator and mediator who learned from Indigenous peoples, he became the first known outsider to traverse North America, helping shape early Spanish expansion and the Southwest’s geographic imagination; his story is increasingly highlighted by museums and scholars.