China demonstrates two-way Earth–Moon laser link for high-speed deep-space data
China's CSU researchers completed a two-way Earth–Moon laser communication test, achieving 1.25 Mbps uplink and 100 Mbps downlink over about 400,000 km. They solved beam alignment, signal weakness, and speed challenges with a new acquisition/tracking system, superconducting single-photon detectors, high-bandwidth processing, and advanced coding, enabling high-speed data transmission for future lunar missions.