Sugar Substitutes: Short-Term Wins, Long-Term Risks

Germany’s debate on a sugar tax notes that replacing sugar with sweeteners can reduce calories in the short term, but long-term effects on weight, metabolism, the gut microbiome, and cardiovascular health are unclear. Some substitutes may alter the microbiome or promote metabolic changes, and erythritol has been linked to higher cardiovascular risk in some studies. Stevia shows a comparatively favorable profile, but robust long-term data are lacking. The article urges tempering sweetener use, focusing on gradual sugar reduction, and prioritizing whole fruits and natural foods over sugary substitutes.