Imagery-Based Memory Therapy Eases Fear of Failure

A 180-participant randomized trial found four imagery-based therapies targeting painful childhood memories significantly reduced fear of failure and related distress, with effects lasting at least six months. Imagery Exposure and Imagery Rescripting (including a delayed version) lowered emotional arousal and negative feelings, with surprise/prediction error enhancing ImRs effectiveness, suggesting old memories can be rewritten to ease present-day challenges.