Neanderthal Gene Found to Shape Modern Human Teeth

A study published in Current Biology reveals that a gene inherited from Neanderthals influences tooth shape, particularly in individuals of European descent, who tend to have smaller teeth. Researchers identified 18 genome regions affecting tooth size and shape, with 17 being newly associated with these traits. The study highlights the genetic basis for tooth variation among ethnic groups and suggests potential medical applications, such as genetic testing for dental issues. The findings also explore the evolutionary impact of these genes, which may have been selected for reasons beyond dental health.