Living Brain Data Upend the Neanderthal-Cognition Narrative
A PNAS study using MRI data from 200 living individuals shows brain differences between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans fall within the range of variation seen among today’s populations, challenging the notion of cognitive inferiority. The findings suggest Neanderthal disappearance was more likely due to demographic processes and interbreeding, with archaeological and genetic evidence indicating shared traits and capabilities rather than a large cognitive gap.