New Treatments Bring Hope Against Deadly Brain-Eating Amoebas
Infections by Naegleria fowleri, which cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), are almost always fatal (over 97%); however, miltefosine—an anti-leishmaniasis drug that can cross the blood–brain barrier—has saved several patients since 2013, spurring research into alternatives like nitroxoline and potential vaccines, as well as other strategies. The key to improving outcomes remains rapid diagnosis and access to treatment, though funding challenges for trials in this rare disease persist. Climate warming of waterways could raise exposure in the future, prompting renewed urgency in PAM research.
