Toilet Flushes Send Microbes Flying, New Review Finds
A review of 22 studies finds that flushing toilets aerosolizes droplets containing bacteria, viruses and fecal matter, sending them several feet into the air and sometimes keeping them airborne for at least 20 seconds. Higher microbial concentration and more water in the flush increase air contamination. Closing the lid helps only modestly against microscopic aerosols, so hygiene practices—regular cleaning, handwashing, and using lower-volume flushes—are advised, especially in public restrooms. More research is needed to develop effective interventions to reduce toilet-generated aerosols.
