Global Study: Infections Cause 12% of New Cancers, Highlighting Preventable Risks
A new study in The Lancet Oncology estimates that 2.3 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2024, or 12% of all diagnoses, were caused by infectious agents. The five most significant pathogens are Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis C. Researchers emphasize that many of these cancers are preventable through vaccination, screening, and treatment, though access to these interventions remains uneven globally.
Key points
- Helicobacter pylori and HPV were the leading causes, accounting for approximately 1.5 million cases combined.
- Hepatitis B was linked to 360,000 cases, while Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis C contributed to 260,000 and 160,000 cases, respectively.
- The study identifies 16 additional cancers linked to infections, expanding on previous data from 2018.
- Preventive measures include HPV and hepatitis B vaccines, antibiotics for H. pylori, and safe sexual practices.
- Low- and middle-income countries bear the highest burden, with 75% of infection-related cancers occurring in these regions.
Background
This finding builds on earlier research, including a 2026 analysis linking H. pylori to a 1.6-fold increase in bowel cancer risk. Previous studies have also highlighted the rising burden of alcohol-linked cancers and the potential impact of sugary drinks on gastric cancer, underscoring the complex interplay between lifestyle factors and infectious diseases in cancer development.
How outlets are covering it
While all outlets agree on the 12% figure, they emphasize different aspects. Scientific American and The Conversation focus on the preventability of these cancers through vaccination and treatment, citing the success of HPV vaccines in reducing cervical cancer rates. CBC highlights regional disparities, noting that high-income countries have better access to screening and vaccination, while low-income regions face higher burdens due to limited resources. The New York Post provides a detailed breakdown of the five main infections and their transmission methods, emphasizing practical prevention steps like handwashing and safe sex practices.
Why it matters
Understanding the link between infections and cancer is crucial for public health strategies. By focusing on prevention through vaccination and treatment, global health initiatives can significantly reduce the burden of cancer, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study underscores the importance of equitable access to healthcare and preventive measures worldwide.
What to watch
Health officials are expected to prioritize expanding vaccination and screening programs in low- and middle-income countries. Researchers will continue to investigate the mechanisms by which infections lead to cancer, potentially leading to new preventive strategies. Additionally, efforts to improve access to treatments for infections like hepatitis C and H. pylori will be critical in reducing cancer incidence.
- Millions of cancer cases are linked to 5 common infections: study New York Post
- One in eight new cancers are likely caused by infections—there’s an easy way to protect yourself Scientific American
- Researchers are discovering more infections that can cause cancer CBC
- One in eight cancers are likely caused by an infection worldwide – new study The Conversation
- One in eight cancer cases linked to preventable infections Euronews.com
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