Testicle Health 101: Key Facts From a Urologist

A urologist explains the two main roles of the testes (sperm production and testosterone), how they descend into the scrotum for cooler temperatures, and what’s normal (slight differences between testicles, the epididymis, and the spermatic cord). It covers not-normal signs (a firm, painless lump can indicate cancer, while pain or swelling may be epididymitis or torsion), the importance of early evaluation, and the typical workup (exam, ultrasound, urine tests, tumor markers; MRI if needed). The piece emphasizes regular self-exams in the shower to establish a baseline and urges men not to delay care if something changes.