Memory editing on the horizon: advances, limits, and ethics

Scientists are making strides in memory editing, from animal studies that erase fear memories by targeting brain cells to noninvasive human approaches (CBT, EMDR, and a Tetris-based trick) that lessen flashbacks. Although these methods show promise, permanent memory erasure remains unproven and ethically fraught, with experts arguing for modulation over deletion to avoid impacts on identity, justice, and personal growth.