Unearthing a Battered Roman-era Skull: Violent Trauma and a Possible Brain Tumor in Spain

Archaeologists in Spain have discovered a Roman-era skull with signs of violent trauma and a possible brain tumor. The skull, dating between A.D. 258 and 409, belonged to a man who likely died in his 30s or 40s. It had three external lesions caused by violent attacks and a possible internal lesion that could be a meningioma, making it the first known case in an archaeological specimen found in the Iberian Peninsula. However, experts have expressed ambiguity about the internal lesion, and further analysis is needed to confirm the presence of a brain tumor.