Self-experimentation with venom fuels a potential universal antivenom

A Wisconsin window cleaner, Tim Friede, deliberately subjected himself to about 200 snake bites to build immunity, creating antibodies now used by Centivax to pursue a near-universal antivenom. His extraordinary risk—near-fatal collapses, coma, and severe tissue damage—has yielded antibodies that neutralize toxins from 19 elapid snakes, with a planned Australian pet trial before any human use. If successful, the work could reduce the roughly 138,000 annual snakebite deaths and 400,000 disfigurements, addressing a growing risk as climate change increases human–snake encounters.