Unveiling the Mysteries of Black Hole Formation and Supermassive Seeds

Mathematicians have released a new paper that brings us closer to determining the presence of black holes based solely on the concentration of matter. The paper also proves mathematically that higher-dimensional black holes can exist. The researchers use an equation devised by physicist Pong Soo Jang, which goes to infinity at the location of a closed trapped surface, to find these surfaces. They also rely on the "cube inequality" developed by mathematician Mikhail Gromov, which connects the size of a cube to the curvature of space. The team was unable to go beyond seven spatial dimensions due to singularities. The next step is to prove black hole existence based on "quasi-local mass," which includes both matter and gravitational radiation.