Macron's Visit to Kazakhstan Raises Concerns in Moscow

French President Emmanuel Macron visited Kazakhstan, a country that has emerged as a replacement supplier of crude oil to European nations and an important link in the China-Europe trade route bypassing Russia. Macron praised Kazakhstan for refusing to side with Moscow on Ukraine and signed business deals, including a declaration of intent for a partnership in rare earths and rare metals. Russia has expressed concern over the West's growing diplomatic activity in Central Asia, but Macron emphasized the importance of having friends who share the philosophy of independence in a world where major powers seek hegemony.