Russia's Air Force Struggles to Maintain Superiority in Ukraine

Russia's air force has been largely limited to flying within its own airspace due to the strength of Ukraine's air defenses, according to a report by the U.K.'s Ministry of Defense. Despite initial expectations of a display of might, Russia's air force has remained on the sidelines while its ground forces struggle against Ukraine. The report highlights that Russian tactical combat aircraft are restricted to operating over Russian-controlled territory, and the airborne division has not had a decisive operational effect. Russia's military doctrine focuses on preserving its aircraft, as Ukraine's top-notch air defenses pose a significant threat.