
Russia's shadow fleet used drones to map Europe's nuclear sites for 18 months, IISS finds
The International Institute for Strategic Studies concludes Russia orchestrated a coordinated UAV campaign from offshore 'shadow fleet' vessels over roughly 18 months, targeting nuclear bases and sensitive sites in the UK, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Ireland. Drones were spotted near US bases like RAF Lakenheath and France’s Île Longue, with launch and recovery tied to dark sailing ships that kept transponders off. Western authorities did not shoot them down, revealing gaps in NATO defenses. Motives cited include nuclear surveillance, reconnaissance, logistics mapping and psychological warfare. The effort peaked in 2025 and waned after shadow fleet ships were seized by Western navies in 2026.

