Most of the World Is Below Replacement Fertility, Reshaping Aging Populations
A Voronoi-style visualization of fertility rates across 236 countries shows about 71% of the global population lives in countries with below-replacement fertility (2.1 births per woman). India (~1.94) and China (~1.02) sit below replacement, while Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates (Chad 5.94, Somalia 5.91, DR Congo 5.90). Fertility has fallen from about five births per woman in the 1960s to a 2024 global average of roughly 2.2, with future growth increasingly concentrated in high-fertility regions, shaping aging populations, labor markets, and long-term demographics. The data come from the UN World Population Prospects 2024 Revision, using 2025 estimates.