Great white sharks shift north to Canada's Atlantic as warming waters boost prey
Great white sharks are increasingly appearing in Canada’s Atlantic waters, driven by warming oceans that have expanded seal populations. While sightings in Nova Scotia have surged, experts note that most sharks are transient visitors rather than permanent residents. Recent non-fatal attacks have prompted caution among divers, though the risk remains low.
Key points
- Great white sharks, including a 4.2-meter individual named 'Contender,' are spending more time in Canadian Atlantic waters, particularly off Nova Scotia.
- Surface waters off Nova Scotia have warmed by approximately 1.5C over the last 30 years, attracting more fish and seals, which in turn draw sharks north.
- A diver was attacked off Quebec’s Gaspé Coast in September, causing non-life-threatening injuries and leading to cancellations of diving operations.
- Marine biologist Neil Hammerschlag identified 120 distinct great whites in 55 days, noting that 80% were seen only once, suggesting they are passing through rather than residing permanently.
- Experts advise divers to avoid areas with poor visibility or high seal activity, noting that while attacks are rare, the risk is increasing due to greater human presence in the water.
Background
This development follows a series of high-profile great white shark incidents in Australia earlier in 2026, including a fatal attack in Western Australia and a severe injury to a teacher in New South Wales. Those events highlighted global concerns regarding shifting shark patterns due to warming oceans, though the current Canadian situation is distinct in that it involves non-fatal interactions and a focus on coexistence rather than lethal enforcement.
Why it matters
The northward migration of great white sharks signals a significant shift in marine ecosystems driven by climate change. As these apex predators move into previously unpopulated northern waters, it necessitates updated safety protocols for coastal communities and water sports operators. Understanding these patterns is crucial for balancing conservation efforts with human safety in a changing climate.
What to watch
Researchers are continuing to tag sharks to determine if individuals are returning to Canadian waters annually or if the population is truly expanding. Authorities and dive operators are implementing stricter safety briefings and monitoring water conditions to mitigate risks during the remaining active season.
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