Pakistan's Nuclear Deterrence Tested by 2025 India Clash

A US Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists report argues Pakistan's nuclear weapons did not deter India’s 2025 strikes during Operation Sindoor, highlighting a shift toward conventional military power, increased defence spending, and a diminished role for nuclear deterrence in Pakistan’s security narrative. The piece questions the effectiveness of full-spectrum deterrence, notes debates over nuclear command and control as the crisis escalated, and emphasizes the importance of diplomacy in achieving a ceasefire amid fears of miscalculation.