
Ancient mummy fossil reveals rib-powered breathing’s ancient origins
A 289-million-year-old mummy fossil of Captorhinus aguti from Oklahoma shows a complete rib cage and cartilage sternum, preserved in three dimensions, providing the oldest evidence of costal (rib-based) respiration in amniotes and suggesting this rib-powered breathing system underpins modern reptiles, birds, and mammals; neutron tomography enabled the reconstruction of its early breathing apparatus.
