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Intestinal Epithelium

All articles tagged with #intestinal epithelium

Diet shapes rapid intestinal cell evolution across Tanganyika's cichlids
biology14 days ago

Diet shapes rapid intestinal cell evolution across Tanganyika's cichlids

A comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic study of 24 Tanganyikan cichlid species shows that diet-driven diversification largely reconfigures the anterior intestinal epithelium, with shifts in anterior enterocyte abundances and cell-type–specific gene expression governed by fast-evolving, cell-population–specific genes—demonstrating that ecological adaptation operates at both cellular composition and molecular levels in the gut.

via Nature|
#adaptive-radiation#biology#cichlid-fishes
Caspase-5c amplifies Wnt signaling to sustain intestinal renewal
science1 month ago

Caspase-5c amplifies Wnt signaling to sustain intestinal renewal

A Nature study identifies CASP5C, a human intestinal epithelial isoform of caspase-5, as a catalytic amplifier of Wnt signaling. CASP5C binds Dishevelled and cleaves APC at Asp556, destabilizing the β-catenin destruction complex and boosting Wnt activity to promote transit-amplifying cell proliferation and organoid growth; CASP5A and CASP5B lack this activity. CASP5C is upregulated during injury and in inflammatory bowel disease, revealing a non-immune role for inflammatory caspases in intestinal homeostasis.

via Nature|
#apc-cleavage#caspase-5#intestinal-epithelium
Pregnancy Triggers Gut Remodeling, Study Reveals
health1 year ago

Pregnancy Triggers Gut Remodeling, Study Reveals

A new study reveals that during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the small intestine's lining, or epithelium, undergoes structural changes, doubling in size to enhance nutrient absorption. This adaptation, observed in mice and 3D human tissue models, is linked to the signaling molecule RANK, which is crucial for these changes. The research suggests that these gut modifications help mothers absorb more nutrients to support their babies' development. The findings, published in Nature, highlight a previously unknown aspect of maternal physiological adaptation.

via Livescience.com|
#gut-health#health#intestinal-epithelium