
Three‑way defense pact: Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan pledge joint drills and tech collaboration
Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan formalized the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement to coordinate high-level strategic planning, conduct joint land, sea and air exercises, and deepen defense-industry cooperation, including joint development, production and maintenance of advanced systems such as unmanned and AI-enabled capabilities; the pact is open to expansion (with Egypt mentioned) and treats an attack on one member as an attack on all.





