
Chemistry Unmasks a Spiral Galaxy’s Ancient History
Astronomers used chemical fingerprints from thousands of star-forming gas clouds in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1365 to reconstruct its 12-billion-year growth by matching observations to about 20,000 galaxy simulations. They found a centrally formed, oxygen-rich core with slower outer-disk growth, likely shaped by mergers with smaller galaxies and late gas inflows. This chemical-archaeology approach opens a new way to study how distant galaxies assembled over cosmic time.

