Peanut genomes illuminate domestication, subgenome evolution, and oil traits
Six telomere-to-telomere peanut genomes (two diploids and four allotetraploids) reveal asymmetric transposable element activity and centromere evolution between subgenomes, catalog thousands of structural variants linked to domestication, and, from 521 resequenced accessions, illuminate population structure, introgression, and trait genes. GWAS and functional analyses pinpoint AhWRI1 and AhGSA1 as regulators of oil content and seed size, while transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling tie lipid and anthocyanin pathways to seed development—providing genomic levers for peanut improvement.