The $30 trillion US Treasury market is showing signs of strain as the Iran war drives broader market volatility and thinning liquidity, with market depth shrinking, electronic trading disrupted, and shorter-dated notes and inflation-linked Treasuries most affected, while auctions underperform and traders reassess the Fed’s rate path.
Investors are fleeing US debt as the Iran war raises inflation fears, sending two-year Treasury yields to about 3.9% and the 10-year to around 4.38%, the largest moves this year; a $69 billion two-year auction drew weak demand while futures price in fewer Fed rate cuts for longer, with mortgage rates climbing toward 6.3% and borrowing costs rising globally.
US Treasury bonds have surged to local highs, raising concerns among analysts about potential recession risks. The rise follows disappointing nonfarm payroll data and increased economic uncertainty, with gold prices also reaching new highs. Analysts, including Michael A. Gayed, have expressed alarm over the bond market's movements, suggesting that high inflation, Federal Reserve interest rates, and geopolitical tensions may be contributing factors. Additionally, significant insider trading by major company executives and foreign countries selling US debt further highlight market apprehensions.
U.S. Treasury bonds, often considered the safest asset, have actually performed poorly for nearly two generations and continue to underperform. Investments in 10-year Treasury notes have lost a third of their value in real terms in just over three years, and long-term Treasurys have lost about half their value. They have consistently failed to keep up with inflation since 2008 and have been a worse investment than gold bullion. The U.S. government's massive budget deficits and increasing national debt, coupled with the need for inflation to reduce the debt burden, suggest that inflation is the only way out of the current economic conundrum. As a result, investors in Treasury bonds may face significant losses, and corporate bonds also face challenges. In this scenario, assets such as energy stocks, agricultural and mining stocks, real estate, and gold may perform well, while long-term Treasury bonds are unlikely to be a safe or risk-free investment.
US Treasury bonds are on track to experience their longest stretch of losses since 1787, with the 10-year bond set to suffer its third consecutive annual loss. The decline in bond prices has been driven by aggressive interest rate hikes from the Federal Reserve, with the effective fed funds rate rising from nearly 0% to over 5% since March 2022. Despite the poor performance, investors continue to pour money into bonds, with $1.7 billion flowing in this week, marking the 23rd consecutive week of inflows.
U.S. Treasury yields surged after the release of revised Q1 GDP data, which showed a 2% increase, surpassing the consensus of 1.4%. The U.S. 30-Year Treasury yield rose by 9 basis points to 3.89%, the U.S. 10-Year Treasury yield increased by 12 basis points to 3.83%, and the U.S. 2-Year Treasury yield jumped by 15 basis points to 4.87%. The inverted yield curve also widened, reaching levels not seen since 1981. The rise in yields pushed down U.S. Treasury bonds, while boosting the dollar.