Blocking a cellular brake unlocks nerve regeneration after injury

Researchers identified the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a molecular brake that restrains injured neurons from regrowing axons. Blocking AHR in mice—genetically or pharmacologically—enhanced axon regeneration and improved movement and sensation after peripheral nerve or spinal cord injuries. The effect shifts neurons from a stress-management mode to growth, aided by HIF-1α, and suggests potential therapeutic avenues, though work remains to determine timing, dosing, and safety before human use.