Mitochondria: Beyond Powerhouses, They Fight Germs

Scientists have discovered that mitochondria, traditionally known for energy production, also play a crucial role in immune defense by sensing bacterial lactate and triggering neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap and kill bacteria. Dysfunctional mitochondria may weaken immune responses, as seen in autoimmune diseases like lupus, highlighting their importance in balancing immune activity and infection defense.