Mars Terraforming: Scientists Map a Long-Term Plan to Warm the Red Planet

Space scientists have published a blueprint for warming Mars as a potential first step toward terraforming, exploring approaches like aerosol dispersion and solid-state greenhouse membranes. The plan emphasizes a modular, long‑term campaign, outlines costs and risks, and calls for more data (subsurface ice maps, climate monitoring, and Mars sample return) before any large‑scale effort, while noting the proposal does not claim warming Mars is inherently desirable.