NASA’s DAPHNE Mission Aims to Decode How Earth’s Atmosphere Shapes Space Weather

TL;DR Summary
NASA selected the DAPHNE (Dynamic Atmosphere-Ionosphere Explorer) concept for Phase B development to study how processes in Earth’s lower atmosphere influence the upper atmosphere and space weather, with twin satellites measuring neutral winds, temperature, and composition to improve predictions for GPS, low-Earth orbit satellites, and astronauts. Led by Aimee Merkel of the University of Colorado Boulder, the mission faces a 2027 confirmation review, a launch no earlier than 2029, and a cost cap of $250 million (FY2023 dollars), managed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center under the Solar Terrestrial Probes program.
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