Scorpions Get Metallic Armor: Metals Harden Stingers and Claws
Researchers mapped metal distribution (zinc, manganese, iron) in the stingers and pincers of 18 scorpion taxa from the Smithsonian using high‑resolution imaging. They found intentional metal enrichment: zinc at the stinger tip to harden the spear, manganese lower down to improve flexibility and vibration absorption, and iron in claw denticles to boost abrasion resistance. Patterns vary with species’ hunting vs. defensive use, with zinc enrichment higher in weaker, slender claws and an inverse relationship between stinger and claw zinc levels, suggesting evolutionary allocation of metals to the weapon most used. The study also notes intra‑species variation and life‑stage differences remain to be explored.