Elite runners get faster by propelling off the calves, reducing ground time, and raising cadence, not by larger strides. Strengthening the gastrocnemius and soleus, boosting ankle stiffness, and adding plyometrics can help recreational runners move more like the pros and run more efficiently.
Treadmill running can be as effective as outdoor running, according to running coaches and exercise scientists. While there are subtle differences, such as slightly lower energy consumption, treadmill running at speeds up to 16 kilometers per hour results in similar oxygen costs and heart rate compared to running outside. Using an incline on the treadmill is not necessary to match outdoor energy costs, but it can be useful for hill workouts. Treadmill running may affect running form, with slight adjustments in step frequency and foot strike. The perceived effort of treadmill running can be higher due to factors such as less air flow and a lower risk of falling. To make treadmill running more enjoyable, distractions like watching a movie or listening to music can help, and it can also be a good opportunity to test different types of fuel.