New gut-brain framework links microbes, nerves to constipation

Researchers propose a Trigger–Gateway–Hub–Effector framework showing how gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived signals may disrupt the intestinal barrier, ENS signaling, and gut motility, contributing to constipation; therapies aiming to rebalance the microbiota, modulate immune or neural responses, or protect enteric neurons—via probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal transplants—are being explored, though human mechanistic data remains limited and evidence is moderate.