JWST reveals Io’s cold footprint in Jupiter’s auroras

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope captured a surprising cold spot and unusually high ion density beneath Io’s auroral footprint on Jupiter, showing real-time interactions between the planet’s magnetic field and its Galilean moons. The cold patch (~265°C) and dense plasma arise from Io’s volcanic plumes feeding a surrounding plasma torus, altering the aurora as ions crash into Jupiter’s atmosphere. Scientists will pursue follow-up observations to determine how often these footprints occur, with the findings published in Geophysical Research Letters.