"ESA's Miniature Pinhole Thruster Enters Production Phase"

The European Space Agency (ESA) is advancing in the production of a palm-sized thruster named ATHENA, designed for maneuvering cubesats and small satellites in space. This Adaptable Thruster based on Electrospray powered NAnotechnology utilizes electrospray technology to eject electrically charged particles from pinhole emitters, achieving high thrust levels. ATHENA is eco-friendly, highly adjustable, and can be configured in various clusters to suit different satellite sizes. A prototype is expected by the end of 2024, marking a significant step in miniaturizing space propulsion systems.