NASA maps Moon Base plan with three uncrewed missions and phased timeline

NASA unveiled a phased Moon Base plan to establish a permanent lunar outpost near the South Pole, starting with three uncrewed missions—Moon Base I (instruments testing thruster interactions and surface tracking), Moon Base II (rovers), and Moon Base III (NASA and international payloads)—to lay the groundwork for a semi-permanent infrastructure by 2029–2032 and a sustained presence thereafter. The effort, part of a roughly $20 billion program, includes Blue Origin’s contract to conduct the first mission using its Blue Moon Endurance lander. While NASA touts the initiative as the next era of lunar exploration and a stepping stone to Mars, experts caution that timelines are ambitious amid Artemis challenges and geopolitical competition, particularly from China.