
Curiosity uncovers complex organics in ancient Martian sandstone
NASA's Curiosity rover, using a first-of-its-kind off-Earth chemical test with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), detected more than 20 organic molecules in 3.5‑billion‑year‑old sandstone from Gale Crater, including naphthalene and benzothiophene, with possible nitrogen-containing heterocycles—evidence of ancient Martian chemistry that could be a building block for life and that will guide future TMAH experiments on Mars rovers and future missions.

