Non-Invasive Read: Scientists Decode a Charred Herculaneum Scroll in Full
Researchers achieved the first full non‑invasive read of the PHerc.1667 Herculaneum scroll via high‑resolution X‑ray scanning, virtual flattening, and machine‑learning ink amplification, enabling papyrologists to transcribe a likely Stoic ethics treatise without unwrapping the carbonized scroll—a milestone in the Vesuvius Challenge for extracting text from ancient artifacts.