Massive black holes may form in crowded star clusters through successive mergers
TL;DR Summary
A new study of 153 black hole mergers from GWTC4 finds two distinct populations: lighter black holes born from massive-star collapses and heavier ones likely created by hierarchical mergers in dense star clusters, supporting a predicted mass gap around 45 solar masses and suggesting the largest black holes grow primarily via cluster mergers rather than direct stellar collapse.
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