All articles tagged with #climate models
An international team found common soil fungi secrete stable, water-soluble proteins that can nucleate ice at around -2°C, acting as cell-free ice makers. This could provide a natural, non-toxic alternative for cloud seeding, enable improved frozen-food and medical preservation, and help climate models by better accounting for ice formation in clouds.
Water drawn through the hollow stem of a living Equisetum horsetail shows the most extreme oxygen‑isotope signature ever measured in terrestrial material, with heavy oxygen concentrating from base to tip as moisture evaporates. The finding prompts a rethink of how evaporation reshapes plant-water signals, fossil phytolith readings, and past humidity, influencing how scientists reconstruct ancient climates.
A 35-year satellite study finds mineral dust from deserts seeds ice formation in cloud tops across the Northern Hemisphere, increasing ice in mixed-phase clouds and altering both sunlight reflection and precipitation. This link between desert dust and cloud freezing could help refine climate projections, though regional variability exists and further research is needed on factors like updraft strength and humidity.
Two decades of satellite data show that narrow ocean fronts—where water masses meet—are hotspots for carbon capture due to vertical mixing and phytoplankton blooms. These small zones disproportionately absorb CO₂, suggesting climate models may underestimate ocean carbon storage if they ignore front dynamics; incorporating them could improve predictions of the carbon cycle.
Wildfire smoke particles lofted high into the atmosphere can have a cooling effect on Earth's climate, and current climate models may need updating to include these large aerosols that increase outgoing radiation, potentially affecting weather and atmospheric circulation.
Early climate models, particularly those developed by Syukuro Manabe, accurately predicted key aspects of modern climate change, including global warming from CO2, stratospheric cooling, Arctic amplification, land-ocean contrast, and delayed Southern Ocean warming, demonstrating their significant predictive success despite their complexity and limitations.
Early climate models, particularly those developed by Syukuro Manabe in the 1960s, accurately predicted key features of modern climate change, including global warming from CO2, stratospheric cooling, Arctic amplification, land-ocean contrast, and delayed Southern Ocean warming, demonstrating the reliability of climate modeling despite its complexities and limitations.
A recent study warns that Earth's energy imbalance has doubled over the past 20 years, surpassing climate model predictions, primarily due to changes in cloud cover and increased greenhouse gases, indicating accelerated global warming and potential for more severe climate impacts.
Recent research shows Earth's energy imbalance has more than doubled in 20 years, with the planet trapping significantly more heat than climate models predicted, mainly due to changes in cloud cover and other factors, indicating a potential acceleration of global warming and more severe climate impacts ahead.
Imperfect climate models, despite their inaccuracies and simplifications, are valuable tools for understanding climate change because they help identify robust relationships, inform purpose-specific applications, and can be repurposed to generate new insights, exemplifying antifragility in scientific research.
A recent study shows that climate models with low sensitivity to greenhouse gases do not match satellite data, indicating that future global warming may be more severe than previously estimated unless emissions are reduced further.
Pacific sediment cores are crucial for understanding Earth's past climate, but limited sampling and aging infrastructure hinder comprehensive insights. New drilling technologies and international collaboration are essential to fill data gaps, improve climate models, and better predict future climate changes.
A new study reveals that oceans may cool the Earth more than previously thought, due to sulfur gases like methanethiol emitted by marine life, which create aerosols that reflect solar radiation. This discovery suggests that climate models have overestimated solar radiation reaching the Southern Ocean, highlighting the need for more accurate models. The research emphasizes the role of oceanic sulfur compounds in climate regulation, potentially impacting climate change policies.
A study by scientists from NOAA and other institutions has identified an exception to Ekman's theory of wind-driven ocean currents in the Bay of Bengal, where currents deflect to the left of surface winds, contrary to the theory's predictions for the Northern Hemisphere. This finding, based on multi-year buoy data, suggests potential revisions to climate models and highlights the need for further research on wind impacts on ocean currents. The study could also support the development of a NASA satellite system to monitor wind and ocean surface currents.
A new study published in Science Advances reveals that polar oceans emit sulfur gases, particularly methanethiol, which have a greater cooling effect on the climate than previously understood. This discovery, led by researchers from Spain and the UK, highlights the role of marine sulfur in cloud formation and its impact on solar radiation reflection, challenging existing climate models. The findings underscore the importance of accurately representing these emissions in climate predictions, aiding in more precise policy-making for global warming scenarios.