
Calorie restriction: a double-edged path to aging and healthspan
This Nature Aging review examines how different dietary restriction (DR) strategies—caloric, protein, fasting, and time-restricted regimens—affect aging and disease across mammals, highlighting common longevity pathways (autophagy, NAD+, AMPK, mTOR) and potential DR mimetics (FGF21, sirtuins, GLP-1). DR can improve healthspan and delay cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration in preclinical models, but effects vary by genotype, sex, species, and age at initiation, and DR may impair immune function and wound healing. The article discusses physiological adaptations (hunger, body temperature, fat loss) and translational challenges to humans, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches and cautious development of DR mimetics.








