
Ancient Seas, Modern Cliffs: New Study Rewrites the Twelve Apostles’ Origin
A new study in the Australian Journal of Earth Sciences shows the Twelve Apostles formed from Miocene-era seabed rocks, with the Port Campbell Limestone deposited roughly 14 to 8.6 million years ago and a warm interval around 14.1–13.8 million years ago recorded by abundant foraminifera fossils. Tectonic uplift began about 8.6 million years ago, lifting the rocks above sea level and enabling coastal erosion to sculpt headlands, arches, and eventually the sea stacks—an ongoing process following the last ice age. The rocks are ancient, but the iconic formations are geologically recent, highlighting how long-term tectonics and coastal dynamics shape the landscape.”


