Twin mystery molecule surfaces on Pluto and Titan confound scientists

New JWST data show an unidentified absorption feature in the spectra of both Titan and Pluto, indicating a shared molecule on their surfaces (not in their atmospheres). Scientists cannot identify it yet; possible candidates include allenes, benzene when mixed with other species, or ketene, with acetylene ice also considered. Further JWST observations are planned to map where the molecule is strongest, and NASA’s Dragonfly mission to Titan could help narrow down the candidate chemicals in the mid‑2030s.